A complete step-by-step guide for Indian entrepreneurs — covering every section a bank requires, with the right format and calculations.
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Start with the business name, applicant name, loan amount, and the government scheme you are applying under. Write a 200–300 word executive summary covering the business idea, why it will succeed, and how the loan will be used.
Include complete KYC details: full name, father's name, date of birth, address, Aadhaar number, PAN number, educational qualifications, and any prior business or work experience. Banks use this to assess the promoter's ability to run the business.
Describe your business in detail: what product/service you will offer, your target customers, your competitive advantage, your location, and the market opportunity. Include a market analysis showing demand for your product in your area.
List all capital expenditures: land (if purchased), building construction/rent deposit, machinery and equipment (with quotations), furniture and fixtures, computers/software, electrification, and pre-operative expenses (registration, licenses, training). Total this to get your Project Cost.
Show how the project will be funded: Promoter's Contribution (self-investment), Government Subsidy (if applicable), Bank Term Loan, and Working Capital Loan. These must add up exactly to the Project Cost.
List every machine with its name, specification, supplier name, quantity, and cost. Attach quotations. The bank may verify these. For MUDRA and PMEGP, quotations are often mandatory.
Estimate your monthly raw material requirement and cost. List your manpower: number of skilled workers, unskilled workers, supervisors, and their monthly wages. This feeds into your working capital calculation.
Prepare Profit & Loss (P&L), Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow statements for 5 years. Show realistic revenue growth (typically 10–20% per year) and ensure profitability from Year 1 or at latest Year 2. Banks use this to assess repayment capacity.
CMA (Credit Monitoring Arrangement) data is mandatory for loans above ₹5 lakh. It includes: Operating Statement, Fund Flow Statement, Balance Sheet, MPBF calculation, and ratio analysis. The Current Ratio must be ≥ 1.25 as per RBI norms.
Show the year-wise repayment of the term loan (principal + interest). Calculate DSCR (Debt Service Coverage Ratio) for each year: DSCR = (PAT + Depreciation) / (Annual Principal + Interest). DSCR must be ≥ 1.25 for most schemes.
Briefly analyze your business's Strengths (what you do well), Weaknesses (areas to improve), Opportunities (market trends in your favor), and Threats (competition, regulations). This shows the bank you have realistic awareness of your business environment.
Cred handles all 11 sections automatically — including CMA data, DSCR, and all financial calculations. Bank-ready in 60 seconds.
A complete 14-section project report — the same document your bank officer will read. Every table below is real: the repayment schedule, the DSCR, the CMA workings, the balance sheet. Generate yours free, then pay ₹499 for the clean copy.
Project Report
Consumer electronics repair, servicing & spare-parts retail
Vaishali Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Submitted to the Branch Manager · Punjab National Bank, Vaishali Nagar, Jaipur
The unit has been in operation since 2019 and currently services 20–25 jobs a day from a 350 sq.ft. ground-floor shop, with a recorded customer base of 600+ households in the Vaishali Nagar catchment. The promoter proposes to expand the workbench capacity, add board-level diagnostic equipment and carry a spare-parts inventory so that 70% of repairs can be completed same-day instead of the present 3-day turnaround.
The project is assessed at a cost of ₹10.00 lakh, financed by a ₹8.00 lakh MUDRA Tarun term loan and ₹2.00 lakh of promoter's own contribution (20%). At the projected turnover the unit services its debt 5.87 times over on average, against the 1.25 minimum, and breaks even at 62% of Year-1 sales — leaving substantial cushion against a demand shortfall.
Recommendation: the proposal is technically feasible, commercially viable and financially sound. It is recommended for sanction of a term loan of ₹8.00 lakh repayable in 60 monthly instalments.
| Particulars | Basis | Amount (₹) |
|---|---|---|
| Renovation & civil work | 200 sq.ft. additional area, electrical, ESD flooring | 1,20,000 |
| Diagnostic & repair equipment | As per quotations — Annexure IX | 2,40,000 |
| Computers, software & service tools | 2 systems, billing software, tool kits | 80,000 |
| Furniture, air-conditioning & display fixtures | Counter, racks, 1.5 T AC | 60,000 |
| Margin money for working capital | Stock, receivables & operating cash | 5,00,000 |
| Total project cost | 10,00,000 |
A 5% contingency is built into the civil and equipment estimates. All capital items are supported by three quotations each.
| Source | Amount (₹) | % of project cost |
|---|---|---|
| Promoter's own contribution | 2,00,000 | 20.00% |
| Term loan under MUDRA Tarun | 8,00,000 | 80.00% |
| Subsidy / margin money grant | Nil | — |
| Total | 10,00,000 | 100.00% |
Promoter's contribution is held in Savings A/c No. XXXXXX4417 with Punjab National Bank, Vaishali Nagar (statement enclosed). Debt–equity at inception is 4.00 : 1, improving to 1.65 : 1 by the end of Year 1.
For PMEGP, PMFME, NABARD and state-subsidy proposals this section additionally carries the margin-money subsidy workings, the subsidy-adjusted repayment and a second DSCR computed net of subsidy.
| Equipment | Qty | Rate (₹) | Amount (₹) |
|---|---|---|---|
| BGA rework station with preheater | 1 | 95,000 | 95,000 |
| Digital storage oscilloscope with probes | 1 | 45,000 | 45,000 |
| Universal IC programmer | 1 | 35,000 | 35,000 |
| Ultrasonic PCB cleaning unit | 1 | 22,000 | 22,000 |
| Soldering / desoldering stations | 3 | 8,000 | 24,000 |
| Precision tool kits & ESD workbench | 2 | 9,500 | 19,000 |
| Total | 2,40,000 |
Suppliers: Fine Tools India (Jaipur), Sagar Electronics (Delhi), Techno Instruments (Jaipur). Quotations enclosed at Annexure IX. Delivery within 30 days of sanction; installation by the supplier at no extra cost.
| Particulars | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service & repair income | 24.00 | 28.32 | 32.57 | 36.80 | 41.22 |
| Sale of spares & accessories | 9.60 | 11.33 | 13.03 | 14.73 | 16.49 |
| Total revenue | 33.60 | 39.65 | 45.60 | 51.53 | 57.71 |
| Cost of spares & materials (45%) | 15.12 | 17.84 | 20.52 | 23.19 | 25.97 |
| Gross profit | 18.48 | 21.81 | 25.08 | 28.34 | 31.74 |
| Salaries & wages | 6.72 | 7.26 | 7.84 | 8.47 | 9.14 |
| Rent | 1.44 | 1.51 | 1.59 | 1.67 | 1.75 |
| Power & fuel | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.95 |
| Repairs & maintenance | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.42 |
| Marketing & business promotion | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.48 | 0.52 |
| Administrative & miscellaneous | 0.60 | 0.66 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.84 |
| Insurance | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
| Total operating expenses | 10.26 | 11.07 | 11.92 | 12.83 | 13.78 |
| EBITDA | 8.22 | 10.74 | 13.16 | 15.51 | 17.96 |
| Depreciation (WDV, as per IT Act) | 0.86 | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.42 | 0.35 |
| EBIT | 7.36 | 10.08 | 12.64 | 15.09 | 17.61 |
| Interest on term loan | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.11 |
| Profit before tax | 6.58 | 9.44 | 12.16 | 14.78 | 17.50 |
| Income tax (as applicable) | 0.30 | 0.62 | 0.95 | 1.35 | 1.80 |
| Profit after tax | 6.28 | 8.82 | 11.21 | 13.43 | 15.70 |
Revenue grows 18%, 15%, 13% and 12% over the five years, against 22% achieved by the unit in the last audited year. Capacity utilisation moves from 72% to 91%; the projections do not assume any increase in service rates.
| Year | Opening balance | Principal repaid | Interest | Total outgo | Closing balance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8,00,000 | 1,28,404 | 77,937 | 2,06,341 | 6,71,596 |
| 2 | 6,71,596 | 1,42,555 | 63,787 | 2,06,341 | 5,29,041 |
| 3 | 5,29,041 | 1,58,265 | 48,077 | 2,06,341 | 3,70,776 |
| 4 | 3,70,776 | 1,75,706 | 30,635 | 2,06,341 | 1,95,070 |
| 5 | 1,95,070 | 1,95,070 | 11,272 | 2,06,341 | Nil |
| Total | 8,00,000 | 2,31,707 | 10,31,705 |
| Particulars | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Profit after tax | 6.28 | 8.82 | 11.21 | 13.43 | 15.70 |
| Add: depreciation | 0.86 | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.42 | 0.35 |
| Add: interest on term loan | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.11 |
| Cash available for debt service (A) | 7.92 | 10.12 | 12.21 | 14.16 | 16.16 |
| Principal repayment | 1.28 | 1.43 | 1.58 | 1.76 | 1.95 |
| Interest | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.11 |
| Total debt service (B) | 2.06 | 2.07 | 2.06 | 2.07 | 2.06 |
| DSCR (A ÷ B) | 3.84 | 4.89 | 5.93 | 6.84 | 7.84 |
Average DSCR over the tenure: 5.87. The minimum acceptable to banks is 1.25; the unit crosses that threshold even if Year-1 revenue falls 60% short of projection.
| Particulars | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LIABILITIES | |||||
| Capital account (net of drawings) | 4.08 | 7.50 | 12.11 | 17.74 | 24.44 |
| Term loan — long-term portion | 5.29 | 3.71 | 1.95 | — | — |
| Term loan — current maturity | 1.43 | 1.58 | 1.76 | 1.95 | — |
| Sundry creditors (30 days) | 1.26 | 1.49 | 1.71 | 1.93 | 2.16 |
| Other current liabilities & provisions | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.50 |
| Total | 12.36 | 14.63 | 17.93 | 22.07 | 27.10 |
| ASSETS | |||||
| Net fixed assets | 4.14 | 3.48 | 2.96 | 2.54 | 2.19 |
| Stock of spares (45 days) | 1.86 | 2.20 | 2.53 | 2.86 | 3.20 |
| Sundry debtors (10 days) | 0.92 | 1.09 | 1.25 | 1.41 | 1.58 |
| Cash & bank balance | 5.44 | 7.86 | 11.19 | 15.26 | 20.13 |
| Total | 12.36 | 14.63 | 17.93 | 22.07 | 27.10 |
| Sources | Amount | Applications | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Profit after tax | 6.28 | Capital expenditure | 5.00 |
| Depreciation | 0.86 | Increase in stock | 1.86 |
| Increase in creditors & provisions | 1.56 | Increase in debtors | 0.92 |
| Term loan drawn | 8.00 | Repayment of term loan | 1.28 |
| Promoter's capital introduced | 2.00 | Drawings | 4.20 |
| Closing cash & bank | 5.44 | ||
| Total | 18.70 | Total | 18.70 |
Working capital is assessed under the Tandon Committee Method II, the basis used by banks for limits up to ₹5 crore. The workings below are drawn from the Year-1 projections above.
| Particulars | Amount |
|---|---|
| Stock of spares | 1.86 |
| Sundry debtors | 0.92 |
| Cash & bank balance | 5.44 |
| Total current assets (TCA) | 8.22 |
| Sundry creditors | 1.26 |
| Other current liabilities & provisions | 0.30 |
| Current maturity of term loan | 1.43 |
| Other current liabilities (OCL) | 2.99 |
| Working capital gap (TCA − OCL) | 5.23 |
| 25% of TCA — stipulated margin | 2.06 |
| Maximum permissible bank finance (Method II) | 3.18 |
No cash-credit limit is sought in this proposal; the assessment is presented because bank officers ask for it. Were the limit of ₹3.18 lakh availed, the current ratio would stand at 1.33 — above the 1.25 stipulated by IBA.
CMA statements included in the full report
| Ratio | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Bank norm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current ratio | 2.75 | 3.26 | 3.87 | 4.51 | 9.36 | ≥ 1.25 |
| Debt–equity ratio | 1.65 | 0.71 | 0.31 | 0.11 | Nil | ≤ 3.00 |
| DSCR | 3.84 | 4.89 | 5.93 | 6.84 | 7.84 | ≥ 1.25 |
| Net profit margin | 18.7% | 22.2% | 24.6% | 26.1% | 27.2% | — |
| Interest coverage | 9.4 | 15.8 | 26.3 | 48.7 | 160.1 | ≥ 2.00 |
| Particulars | Amount |
|---|---|
| Fixed costs (salaries, rent, admin, depreciation, interest) | 10.88 |
| Variable costs (materials, power, maintenance) | 16.14 |
| Contribution (revenue − variable costs) | 17.46 |
| P/V ratio | 51.96% |
| Break-even sales | 20.94 |
| Break-even as % of Year-1 revenue | 62.3% |
| Cash break-even as % of Year-1 revenue | 57.4% |
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A project report (or DPR — Detailed Project Report) is a comprehensive business plan and financial document submitted to a bank when applying for a business loan. It describes your business, how you will use the loan, and proves through financial projections that you can repay the loan. It is the most important document in a loan application.
A standard bank project report is typically 20–40 pages for loans up to ₹25 lakh, and 40–80 pages for larger loans. It should be comprehensive but not padded — every section should have relevant, accurate information. Reports from Cred average 25–35 pages and cover all mandatory sections.
Yes, Cred generates project reports in both English and Hindi (Devanagari script). Many DIC offices in Rajasthan and other Hindi-speaking states accept reports in Hindi. For central scheme banks (SBI, PNB, BOB), English is preferred but both are acceptable.
A business plan is a broader strategic document focused on goals, vision, and operations. A project report for bank loan is a more structured, financial-focused document that follows a specific format required by Indian banks. It emphasizes financial projections, CMA data, DSCR, and repayment schedule — elements specifically required for loan sanction.
DSCR = (Profit After Tax + Depreciation + Interest on Term Loan) / (Annual Term Loan Repayment + Interest on Term Loan + Interest on Working Capital). A DSCR above 1.25 means you earn 25% more than your debt obligations — which is the minimum required by most banks. Cred calculates DSCR automatically for each year of the projection period.